Capital project designs need to consider assets full life-cycle costs to better understand the truer cost of environmental permitting and land acquisition, build, operations, maintenance and disposal to end up with assets that bring long-term value. For instance, there has been much research done in-terms of loading various assets to go beyond their design capacities into their safe-operating limits where you start to trade the remaining asset life for short-term or momentary loading such as during emergency situations or momentary peak demands. You can also extend life of existing assets by replacing only the components that have reached their limits.
